Colorectal cancer has long been considered a disease affecting older adults, but in recent years, cases among young adults under 50 have been rising at an alarming rate. Despite overall declines in colorectal cancer diagnoses, rates in younger populations have increased by nearly 50% since the 1990s.
This trend is concerning, especially as many young adults dismiss early symptoms or face delays in diagnosis due to outdated screening guidelines. In this article, we will explore the causes, risk factors, warning signs, and screening options to help you stay informed and proactive about your health.
Why Are Colorectal Cancer Rates Rising in Young Adults?
While researchers are still investigating the exact causes, several factors may contribute to this trend:
- Diet and Lifestyle Changes: Increased consumption of processed foods, red meat, and sugar may contribute to gut inflammation, a potential risk factor for colorectal cancer.
- Obesity and Sedentary Lifestyles: Excess body weight and lack of physical activity have been linked to increased colorectal cancer risk.
- Gut Microbiome Imbalance: Emerging research suggests that an unhealthy gut microbiome could play a role in cancer development.
- Genetics and Family History: Some younger patients have inherited genetic mutations that increase their risk.
- Delayed Diagnosis: Because colorectal cancer has historically been seen as an older adult disease, younger people with symptoms may experience delayed screening and diagnosis.
The Link Between Tobacco Use and Colorectal Cancer
Smoking, vaping, and the use of smokeless tobacco are well-known risk factors for many cancers, including colorectal cancer. Research has shown that tobacco use contributes to inflammation, genetic mutations, and reduced oxygen supply to the colon, all of which can promote the growth of cancerous cells. Additionally, smoking has been linked to the formation of polyps in the colon, which can develop into cancer over time. Quitting tobacco use is one of the most impactful steps you can take to lower your risk of colorectal cancer and improve your overall health. If you need support to quit, your primary care provider can connect you with effective resources and strategies to help you on your journey.
Know the Warning Signs
Colorectal cancer often develops silently, but there are key symptoms that should never be ignored. If you experience any of the following, it is crucial to consult a healthcare provider:
- Changes in Bowel Habits (diarrhea, constipation, or narrowing of stool that lasts for more than a few days)
- Rectal Bleeding or Blood in Stool
- Unexplained Weight Loss
- Persistent Abdominal Pain or Cramping
- Weakness or Fatigue
- A Feeling That Your Bowel Doesn’t Empty Completely
Who Should Be Screened?
Early detection is key to preventing and treating colorectal cancer. The American Cancer Society now recommends that individuals at average risk start routine screening at age 45. However, if you have any of the following risk factors, you may need screening earlier:
- Family history of colorectal cancer or polyps
- Personal history of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn’s disease, or ulcerative colitis
- Genetic conditions like Lynch syndrome
- Lifestyle factors such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and obesity
Screening and Prevention Options
There are multiple ways to screen for colorectal cancer, ranging from stool-based tests to visual exams. Your healthcare provider can help you determine the best option based on your risk factors.
Screening Options Include:
- Colonoscopy: The most comprehensive screening method, allowing for detection and removal of precancerous polyps.
- Stool-based tests: Non-invasive tests that check for hidden blood or abnormal DNA in stool samples.
- Flexible sigmoidoscopy: A less invasive procedure that examines the lower part of the colon.
- CT colonography (virtual colonoscopy): A specialized imaging test used to visualize the colon.
How to Take Action
Colorectal cancer is one of the most preventable cancers, but early detection is critical. Here’s what you can do:
- Know Your Risk: Talk to your primary care provider about your family history and lifestyle factors.
- Watch for Symptoms: Don’t ignore changes in digestion, bleeding, or abdominal pain.
- Get Screened: If you’re 45 or older—or younger with risk factors—schedule your colorectal cancer screening.
- Live a Healthy Lifestyle: Maintain a diet rich in fiber, exercise regularly, and avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.
The rise of colorectal cancer in young adults is a concerning trend, but awareness and early detection can make all the difference. If you’re experiencing symptoms or have risk factors, don’t wait—schedule an appointment with your healthcare provider today to discuss screening options.
By staying informed and proactive, you can take control of your health and help reduce your risk of colorectal cancer.
