Recent reports of measles cases in North Carolina have raised concerns among parents and healthcare providers. While measles was once considered eliminated in the United States, outbreaks can still occur when vaccination rates decline or when the virus is introduced into communities with lower immunity.
At Avance Care, we want to ensure families have accurate information about measles, understand the signs and symptoms, and know how vaccination helps protect both their children and the broader community.
What Is Measles?
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), measles is a highly contagious viral illness that spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The virus can remain in the air and on surfaces for up to two hours, making it easy to spread in schools, daycare centers, and other shared environments.
Because of its high level of contagiousness, measles can spread rapidly among individuals who are not vaccinated or who have weakened immune systems.
Infants, young children, pregnant individuals, and people with compromised immune systems are at the highest risk for serious complications.
Signs and Symptoms of Measles
Symptoms of measles typically appear 7–14 days after exposure. The illness usually begins with symptoms that may resemble a common respiratory infection before progressing to a distinctive rash.
Common symptoms include:
- High fever, often above 104°F
- Persistent cough
- Runny nose
- Red, watery eyes
- A red rash that usually begins on the face and spreads down the body
The rash typically appears three to five days after the first symptoms and can last several days.
Potential Complications of Measles
While many children recover from measles, the infection can lead to serious health complications. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention:
- About 1 in 5 unvaccinated individuals who get measles will require hospitalization
- Up to 1 in 20 children with measles develops pneumonia, the most common cause of measles-related death in young children
- Approximately 1 in 1,000 children develops encephalitis (brain swelling), which can lead to seizures, hearing loss, or intellectual disability
- Nearly 1 to 3 in 1,000 children with measles may die from respiratory or neurological complications
- In rare cases, measles can also lead to a condition called Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE). This is a progressive and fatal brain disorder that can develop 1–10 years after a measles infection.
Why the MMR Vaccine Is Important
The best way to prevent measles is through vaccination with the MMR vaccine, which protects against measles, mumps, and rubella.
The vaccine is highly effective and has been used safely for decades. High vaccination rates are essential for protecting vulnerable populations, including infants who are too young to be fully vaccinated.
Vaccination not only protects your child but also helps prevent the spread of disease throughout the community.
Routine MMR Vaccine Schedule
Under normal circumstances, the MMR vaccine is given in two doses:
- First dose: 12 months of age
- Second dose: 4 years of age
This schedule provides long-lasting protection against measles and related illnesses.
Updated Vaccine Guidance During an Outbreak
When measles outbreaks occur or when there is an increased risk of exposure, healthcare providers may recommend an accelerated vaccination schedule.
Depending on your child’s age and vaccination status:
Children 6–11 months old:
An early MMR dose may be recommended for additional protection.
Children 12 months or older who have only received one dose:
A second dose may be administered earlier than the routine schedule.
Children who are fully vaccinated:
No additional action is typically needed at this time.
If you are unsure about your child’s vaccination status, our team can review their records and help determine whether any vaccines are recommended.
What To Do If You Suspect Exposure
If you believe your child has been exposed to measles or is showing symptoms consistent with the illness, it is important to call our office before arriving so we can provide guidance and take steps to protect other patients.
Early communication allows our team to advise you on next steps and ensure your child receives appropriate care.
Protecting Your Child and Community
Vaccination remains one of the most effective ways to prevent the spread of measles and protect those most vulnerable to serious illness. Ensuring your child is up to date on recommended vaccines helps keep schools, childcare settings, and communities safer for everyone.
If you have questions about your child’s immunization record or would like to schedule an appointment with one of our pediatricians, you can do so through Avance Care MyChart.
